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CHS Home > Services > Research & Training > WHAT'S NEW AT LI

Find out what's new at Lighthouse Institute.

Publications:

Adolescent Portable Therapy:

A Practical Guide for Service Providers

(Evan Elkin, M.A., Vera Institute of Justice, New York, NY)

Adolescent Portable Therapy (APT) is an intensive family- and community-based intervention developed to treat adolescents who are heavy substance abusers. APT was created to serve juvenile justice-involved adolescents and their families as the young people move through the justice system and reenter the community. The APT model is designed to be flexible enough to be adapted to other environments and with other client populations where a home-based family therapy intervention is indicated.

The APT manual is a practice and reference guide for service providers interested in implementing APT. The manual provides a theoretical framework as well as procedures, techniques and case examples, and is designed to serve as a flexible resource for providers seeking to engage and motivate families throughout treatment.


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Training:

Trends: Adolescent Drug Use Trends

Street Drugs

Other Drug Problems:

A Brief History of Methamphetamine Use in the United States

1887:The first amphetamine is synthesized.
1919:Methamphetamine is first synthesized.
1927:The medical use of amphetamines begins experimentally.
1936:The first reported misuse of amphetamines occurs by student subjects in a research project at University of Minnesota testing effects of the drug. Once exposed to the drug, students were seeking and using the drug outside the research study.
1937:The paradoxical effect of amphetamine on hyperactive children is discovered by Charles Bradley.
1938:The first published report of the possible addiction to amphetamine appears.
1938:Amphetamine psychosis is first reported in the medical literature.
1940's:Methamphetamine is regularly issued to Japanese soldiers.
1950's:Earliest record of intravenous methamphetamine use; American soldiers in Japan and Korea report injecting heroin and methamphetamine ("Speedballing").
Principle: There is a historical trend toward strategic synergism: the planned combination of two or more drugs to produce an effect different than and greater than their independent effects.
Late 1950's:Some physicians in San Francisco prescribe methamphetamine injections for treatment of heroin addiction; "splash", methamphetamine hydrochloride, injected intravenously, emerges as a small, self-contained drug culture in California.
1960's:Methamphetamine is a highly valued commodity on the illicit drug market and a large subculture of IV methamphetamine users appears in many urban areas of the country.
1963:Illicitly manufactured methamphetamine first appears in California.
1967:An article in JAMA describes the pattern and effects of high dose, intravenous, methamphetamine abuse.
1968:The Burroughs Wellcome Company discontinues its production of Methedrine (methamphetamine), following reports of abuse of the drug.
1970:William Burroughs account, Speed, detailing the stimulant subculture in the United States is released.
1970:The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act classifies coca, cocaine and injectable methamphetamine as Schedule II drugs having a high potential for abuse and restricted and limited use in medicine.
1972-1975:Many former IV methamphetamine abusers, having cycled into the abuse of barbiturates and sedatives, alcohol and heroin, request admission to alcoholism and methadone programs.
Principle: Periods of abuse of CNS stimulants are often followed cyclically by periods of CNS depressant abuse.
1977:A consortium of street drug analysis programs reports that in 1976, 78% of the drug samples submitted as "speed" were misrepresented.
1980-1990:Methamphetamine becomes part of a small underground subculture. Illicit trafficking controlled by outlaw biker gangs. Periodic outbreaks of heavy abuse reported in several states. Lab seizures concentrated in California, Oregon and Texas.
1990:2.7% of U.S. high school seniors report having used methamphetamine “crystal” at some point in their lives. 0.6% indicate they have used it within the last month.
1991-1994:Methamphetamine-related hospital emergency room mentions reported by the 22 cities participating in the federally sponsored Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) rise 217%. The majority of these cases involved White individuals. Less than 25% of methamphetamine emergency room visits involve persons of Black or Latino background.
1994-1995:Between 1994 and 1995, there was little change in the number of methamphetamine- or amphetamine-related ER mentions reported by DAWN.
1995:Production of illicit methamphetamine increases in the Midwest states. 35 methamphetamine labs are seized in Missouri, 19 in Arkansas, and 18 in Kansas.
1996:11,002 methamphetamine emergency department visits are reported to DAWN. This is a decrease by 50% from the 1995 number.
1999:8.2% of U.S. high school seniors report having used methamphetamine “crystal” at some point in their lives. 1.7% say they have used it within the last month.
2002:5.3% of Americans aged 12 and over say that they have used methamphetamine at some point in their lives. 0.3% say they have used it in the past month.
2002:17,696 emergency room mentions are reported to DAWN.
2003:The percentage of high school seniors who report having used methamphetamine at some point in their lives drops to 6.2. The number who say they have used it within the past month remains at 1.7%.